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Benthic Community Assessment (BCA)

For BCA reports on individual studies, please have a look here.

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Citations

  • Citation for 1993 EMAP data:
    Ringwood AH, Holland AF, Kneib R, Ross PE. 1995. EMAP/NS&T pilot studies in the Carolinian Province: Indicator testing and evaluation in southeastern estuaries. Silver Spring (MD): National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment. Report nr NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS ORCA 102.
  • Citation for 1995 Biscayne Bay data:
    Long, E. R., M. J. Hameedi, G. M. Sloane, and L. B. Read. 2002. Chemical Contamination, Toxicity, and Benthic Community Indices in Sediments of the Lower Miami River and Adjoining Portions of Biscayne Bay, Florida. Estuaries. 25 (4A) :622-637.
  • Citation for Galveston Bay data:
    Michelle Harmon, Anthony S. Pait, and M. Jawed Hameedi. 2003. Sediment Contamination, Toxicity, and Macroinvertebrate Infaunal Community in Galveston Bay. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS NCCOS CCMA 122. Silver Spring, MD: NOAA, NOS, Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment. 66pp + appendices.
  • Engle, V.D., J.L. Hyland, and C. Cooksey. (In Press). Effects of Hurricane Katrina on benthic macroinvertebrate communities along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. Envir. Monitor & Assess. Submitted May 2007.
  • Cooksey, C. and J. Hyland. 2007. Sediment quality of the Lower St. Johns River, Florida: An integrative assessment of benthic fauna, sediment-associated stressors, and general habitat characteristics. Mar. Pollut. Bull. , 54: 9-21.
  • Fulton, M.H., J. Hyland, P.B. Key, E.F. Wirth, L. Balthis, C. Cooksey, K.W. Chung, and A. Leight. 2007. Characterization of toxic impacts on living marine resources in tidal rivers of the Chesapeake Bay. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 64. NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC. 78 pp.
  • USEPA 2007. Environmental Conditions in Northern Gulf of Mexico Coastal Waters Following Hurricane Katrina. EPA/600/R-07/063. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, Gulf Breeze, Florida
  • Balthis, L., J.L. Hyland, C. Cooksey, M.H. Fulton, E. Wirth, and G. McFall. 2007. Long-Term Monitoring of Ecological Conditions in Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary: Comparison of Soft-Bottom Benthic Assemblages and Contaminant Levels in Sediments and Biota in Spring 2000 and 2005. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 68. NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC. 36 p.
  • Cooksey, C. and J. Hyland. 2007. Cruise Report: Spring 2007 Survey of Ecological Conditions along the continental shelf off Florida from Anclote Key to West Palm Beach. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 69. NOAA Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC.
  • Hyland, J., C. Cooksey, W.L. Balthis, M. Fulton, D. Bearden, G. McFall, and M. Kendall. 2006. The soft-bottom macrobenthos of Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and nearby shelf waters off the coast of Georgia, USA. J. Exper. Mar. Biol. Ecol. , 330: 307-326.
  • Balthis, W.L., J.L. Hyland, and D.W. Bearden. 2006. Ecosystem responses to extreme natural events: Impacts of three sequential hurricanes in fall 1999 on sediment quality and condition of benthic fauna in the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina. Environ. Monitor. & Assess. , 119: 367-389.
  • Hyland, J.L., L. Balthis, I. Karakassis, P. Magni, A.N. Petrov, J.P. Shine, O. Vestergaard, and R.M. Warwick. 2005. Organic carbon content of sediments as an indicator of stress in the marine benthos. Mar Ecol. Progr. Ser. , 295: 91-103.
  • Ingersoll, C.G., S.M. Bay, J.L. Crane, L.J. Field, T.H. Gries, J.L. Hyland, E.R. Long, D.D. MacDonald, and T.P. O'Connor. 2005. Use of sediment quality guidelines to estimate effects or no effects of sediment-associated contaminants in laboratory toxicity tests or in benthic community assessments. In: Wenning RJ, Ingersoll CG, Batley G, Moore DW (eds.),Use of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) and related tools for the assessment of contaminated sediments. Society of Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Press, Pensacola FL , pp. 497-556.
  • Magni, P., J. Hyland, G. Manzella, H. Rumohr, P. Viaroli, and A. Zenetos (eds.). 2005. Indicators of stress in the marine benthos. Proceedings of an international workshop on the promotion and use of benthic tools for assessing the health of coastal marine ecosystems, Torregrande-Oristano, Italy, 8-9 October 2004. Workshop Report No. 195. UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, 7 place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France. 46 p.
  • Hyland, J.L., M. Posey, W.L. Balthis, and C.T. Hackney. 2004. The soft-bottom macrobenthos of North Carolina estuaries, U.S.A. Estuaries , 27(3): 501-514.
  • Cooksey, C. J. Hyland, W. L. Balthis, M. Fulton, G. Scott, and D. Bearden. 2004. Soft-bottom benthic assemblages and levels of contaminants in sediments and biota at Gray's Reef National Marine Sanctuary and nearby shelf waters off the coast of Georgia (2000 and 2001). NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS NCCOS 6. NOAA National Ocean Service, National Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC. 55p.
  • Hyland, J.L., W.L. Balthis, V.D. Engle, E.R. Long, J.F. Paul, J.K. Summers, and R.F. Van Dolah. 2003. Incidence of stress in benthic communities along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts within different ranges of sediment contamination from chemical mixtures. Environ. Monitor. & Assess. , 81(1-3): 149-161.
  • R.J. Llansó, R. J., L.C. Scott, D.M. Dauer, J.L. Hyland, and D.E. Russell. 2002. An estuarine benthic index of biotic integrity for the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. I: Classification of assemblages and habitat definition. Estuaries , 25(6A): 1219-1230.
  • R.J. Llansó, R. J., L.C. Scott, J.L. Hyland, D.M. Dauer, D.E. Russell, and F.W. Kutz. 2002. An estuarine benthic index of biotic integrity for the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. II: Index development. Estuaries , 25 (6A): 1231-1242.
  • Balthis, W.L, J.L. Hyland, G.I. Scott, M.H. Fulton, D.W. Bearden, and M.D. Greene. 2002. Sediment quality of the Neuse River estuary, North Carolina: an integrated assessment of sediment contamination, toxicity, and condition of benthic fauna. J. of Aquatic Ecosystem Stress and Recovery , 9:213-225.
  • Ranasinghe J.A., J.B. Frithsen, F.W. Kutz, J.F. Paul, D.E. Russell, R.A. Batiuk, J.L. Hyland, J. Scott, and D.M. Dauer. 2002. Application of two indices of benthic community condition in Chesapeake Bay. Environmetrics , 13: 499-511.
  • Hyland, J.L., W.L. Balthis, C.T. Hackney, and M. Posey. 2000. Sediment quality of North Carolina estuaries: An integrative assessment of sediment contamination, toxicity, and condition of benthic fauna. J. Aquatic Ecosystem Stress & Recovery , 8:107-124.
  • Hyland, J.L., I. Karakassis, P. Magni, A. Petrov, and J. Shine. 2000. Ad Hoc Benthic Indicator Group: Results of initial planning meeting, Paris France, 6-9 December, 1999. IOC Technical Series No. 57. UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, 7 place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France. 57 p.
  • Balthis, W.L., J.L. Hyland, G.I. Scott, M.H. Fulton, and D.W. Bearden. 2000. Environmental quality of the Neuse River, North Carolina during summer 1998: Data summary. NOAA Data Report CCMA-DR-00-01. NOS, NCCOS Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, Silver Spring, MD. 70 p.
  • Hyland, J.L., R.F. Van Dolah, and T.R. Snoots. 1999. Predicting stress in benthic communities of southeastern U.S. estuaries in relation to chemical contamination of sediments. Environ. Toxicol. & Chem. , 18(11): 2557-2564.
  • Van Dolah, R.F., J.L. Hyland, A.F. Holland, J.S. Rosen, and T.R. Snoots. 1999. A benthic index of biological integrity for assessing habitat quality in estuaries of the southeastern U.S.A. Mar. Environ. Res. , 48: 269-283.
  • Hyland, J.L., W.L. Balthis, C.T. Hackney, G. McRae, , A.H. Ringwood, T.R. Snoots, R.F. Van Dolah, and T.L. Wade. 1998. Environmental quality of estuaries of the Carolinian Province: 1995. Annual statistical summary for the 1995 EMAP-Estuaries Demonstration Project in the Carolinian Province. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS ORCA 123. NOS, Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment, Silver Spring, MD. 143 p.
  • Hyland, J.L., T.R. Snoots, and W.L. Balthis. 1998. Sediment quality of estuaries in the southeastern U.S. Environ. Monitor. & Assess. , 51: 331-343.
  • Hyland, J.L., W.L. Balthis, C.T. Hackney, G. McRae, , A.H. Ringwood, T.R. Snoots, R.F. Van Dolah, and T.L. Wade. 1998. Environmental quality of estuaries of the Carolinian Province: 1995. Annual statistical summary for the 1995 EMAP-Estuaries Demonstration Project in the Carolinian Province. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS ORCA 123. NOS, Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment, Silver Spring, MD. 143 p.
  • Hyland, J.L., T.J. Herrlinger, T.R. Snoots, A.H. Ringwood, R.F. Van Dolah, C.T. Hackney, G.A. Nelson, J.S. Rosen, and S.A. Kokkinakis. 1996. Environmental Quality of Estuaries of the Carolinian Province: 1994. Annual Statistical Summary for 1994 EMAP-Estuaries Demonstration Project in Carolinian Province. NOAA Tech. Memo. NOS ORCA 97. NOS, Office of Ocean Resources Conservation and Assessment, Silver Spring, MD. 102 p.

Benthic Taxonomic References

Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel Series:

  • Blake, J. A., A. Lissner, et al. (1997). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 1 - Introduction, Benthic Ecology, Oceanography, Platyhelminthes and Nemertea. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Green, K. D. and G. J. Bakus (1999). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 2 - The Porifera. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Fautin, D. G., F. G. Hochberg, et al. (1998). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 3 - The Cnidaria. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Blake, J. A., L. Harris, et al. (1997). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 4 - The Annelida Part I: Oligochaeta and Polychaeta: (Phyllodocidae to Paralacydoniidae). Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Blake, J. A., L. Harris, et al. (1995). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 5 - The Annelida Part II: Polychaeta: Phyllodocida (Syllidae and scale-bearing families), Amphinomida, and Eunicida. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Blake, J. A. and B. Hilbig (1999). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 6 - The Annelida Part III: Polychaeta: Orbiiidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Blake, J. A., B. Hilbig, et al. (2000). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 7 - The Annelida Part IV: Polychaeta: Flabelligeridae to Sternaspidae. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Coan, E. V., D. Eernisse, et al. (2000). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 8 - The Mollusca Part I: The Aplacophora, Polyplacophora, Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • McLean, J. H. and T. M. Gosliner (1996). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 9 - The Mollusca Part II: The Gastropoda. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Cadien, D., J. M. Martin, et al. (2000). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 10 - The Crustacea Part I. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Brusca, R. C., M. Dojiri, et al. (2000). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 11 - The Crustacea Part II. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Watling, L., J. D. Thomas, et al. (1997). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 12 - The Crustacea Part III: The Amphipods. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Soule, D. F., J. D. Soule, et al. (2005). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 13 - The Bryozoa. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Bregen, M., D. Hart, et al. (1996). Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Volume 14 - Miscellaneous Taxa: Brachiopoda, Sipuncula, Echiura, Echindermata, Hemicordata, Cordata. Santa Barbara, Ca, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Brusca, R.C., Brusca, G.J. (2003). Invertebrates: Sunderland, Massachusetts. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers
  • Carpenter, K. E. (2002). The living marine resources of the western central Atlantic: Vol. 1. Introduction, molluscs, crustaceans, hagfishes, sharks, batoid fishes and chimeras. Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Carpenter, K. E. and V. H. Niem (1998). The living marine resources of the western central Pacific: Vol. 2. Cephalopods, crustaceans, holothurians and sharks Rome, Italy, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Fischer, W., F. Krupp, et al. (1995). Guia FAO para la identification de especies para los fines de la pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental: Vol. 1. Plantas e invertebrados. Rome, Italy, Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
  • Gosner, K. L. (1971). Guide to idenification of marine and estaurine invertebrates: Cape Hatteras to the Bay of Fundy. New York, New York, Wiley-Interscience. 693 pp.
  • Hayward, P. J. and J. S. Ryland (2002). Handbook of the marine fauna of north-west Europe: Oxford, England, Oxford University Press. 800 pp.
  • Holtmann, S. E., A. Groenewold, et al. (1996). Atlas of the zoobenthos of the dutch continental shelf: Rijswijk, The Netherlands, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management, North Sea Directorate.Johnson, M. E. and H. J. Snook (1967). Seashore Animals of the Pacific Coast. New York, New York, Dover Publications, Inc. 659 pp.
  • Kozloff, E. N. (1987). Marine invertebrates of the Pacific northwest: vol. 1. Seattle, Washington, University of Washington Press. 511 pp.
  • Morris, R. H., D. P. Abbott, et al. (1980). Intertidal invertebrates of California: Stanford, CA. Stanford University Press.
  • Ruppert, E. E. and R. S. Fox (1988). Seashore animals of the Southeast: Columbia, South Carolina. University of South Carolina Press.
  • Smith, R. I. and J. T. Carlton (1989). Light's manual: Intertidal invertebrates of the central California coast. Berkeley, California, University of California Press.
  • Smith, D. G. (2001). Pennak's Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States: Porifera to Crustacea. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  • Turgeon, D. D., A. E. Bogan, et al. (1988). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: Mollusks. 2nd Edition. Bethesda, Maryland, American Fisheries Society.
  • Voss G. L. (1976). Seashore life of Florida and the Caribbean: a guide to the common marine invertebrates of the Atlantic from Bermuda to the West Indies and of the Gulf of Mexico. Miami, Florida, E.A. Seemann Publishing, Inc.

Polychaete References

Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico Series:

  • Uebelacker. J.M. and P.G. Johnson (eds.). 1984. Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: vol. I, U.S. Department of the Interior, Metairie, Louisiana.
  • Uebelacker. J.M. and P.G. Johnson (eds.). 1984. Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: vol. II, U.S. Department of the Interior, Metairie, Louisiana.
  • Uebelacker. J.M. and P.G. Johnson (eds.). 1984. Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: vol. III, U.S. Department of the Interior, Metairie, Louisiana.
  • Uebelacker. J.M. and P.G. Johnson (eds.). 1984. Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: vol. IV, U.S. Department of the Interior, Metairie, Louisiana.
  • Uebelacker. J.M. and P.G. Johnson (eds.). 1984. Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: vol. V, U.S. Department of the Interior, Metairie, Louisiana.
  • Uebelacker. J.M. and P.G. Johnson (eds.). 1984. Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: vol.VI, U.S. Department of the Interior, Metairie, Louisiana.
  • Uebelacker. J.M. and P.G. Johnson (eds.). 1984. Taxonomic Guide to the Polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico: vol. VII, U.S. Department of the Interior, Metairie, Louisiana.
  • Bartholomew, A. (2001). Polychaete key for Chesapeake Bay and Coastal Virginia: [freeware document: abartholomew@ausharjah.edu or http:/ /www.vims.edu/bio/benthic/documents/polychaete_1.pdf].
  • Chambers, S. J. and A. I. Muir (1997). Polychaetes: British Chrysopetaloidea, Pisionoidea and Aphroditoidea. Shrewsbury, England, Field Studies Council.
  • Day, J. H. (1973). New Polychaeta from Beaufort with a key to all species recorded from North Carolina: NOAA Technical Report NMFS 375.
  • Fauchald, K. (1977). "The polychaete worms: Definitions and keys to the orders, families, and genera.": Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 28: i-x + 1-188.
  • Fauchald, K. (1977). "Polychaetes from intertidal areas in Panama, with a review of previous shallow-water records": Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 221.
  • Fauchald, K. and G. Rouse (1997). "Polychaete systematics: Past and present." Zoologica Scripta 26(2): 71-138.
  • Gaston, G. R. and J. A. McLelland (1996). "Aricidea (Allia) bryani, a new species of polychaete (Polychaeta: Paraonidae) from the northern Gulf of Mexico." Gulf Research Reports 9(3): 189-195.
  • George, J. D. and G. Hartmann-Schröder (1985). Polychaetes: British Amphinomida, Spintherida and Eunicida. London, England, E.J. Brill and Dr. W. Backhuys.
  • Glasby, C.J. and K. Fauchald (2003). POLIKEY - An information system for Polychaete families and higher taxa: Ver 2. [http:/ /www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/polikey/index. html#authors]
  • Hilbig, B. (1992). "New polychaetous annelids of the families Nereididae, Hesionidae, and Nephtyidae from the Santa Maria Basin, California, with a description of Glycera nana Johnson, 1901." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 105(4): 709-722.
  • Oug, E. (1978). "New and lesser known Dorvilleidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from Scandinavian and northeast American waters." Sarsia 63: 285-303.
  • Pettibone, M. H. (1963). "Marine polychaete worms of the New England region. I. Families Aphroditidae through Trochochaetidae." United States National Museum Bulletin 227: 1-356.
  • Pettibone, M. H. (1989). "Revision of the aphroditoid polychaetes of the family Acoetidae Kinberg (= Polyodontidae Augener) and reestablishment of Acoetes Audouin and Milne-Edwards, 1832, and Euarche Ehlers, 1887." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 464: i-iv + 1-138.
  • Pettibone, M. H. (1992). "Contribution to the polychaete family Pholoidae Kinberg." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 532: i-iv + 1-24.
  • Pettibone, M. H. 1993). "Scaled polychaetes (Polynoidae) associated with ophiuroids and other invertebrates and review of species referred to Malmgrenia McIntosh and replaced by Malmgreniella Hartman, with descriptions of new taxa." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 538: i-vi + 1-92.
  • Pleijel, F. and R. P. Dales (1991). Polychaetes: British Phyllodocideans, Typhloscolecoideans, and Tomopteroideans. Oegstgeest, The Netherlands, U.B.S. and Dr. W. Backhuys.
  • Rouse, G. W. and K. Fauchald 1997). Cladistics and polychaetes: Zoologica Scripta 26(2). 139-204.
  • Rouse, G. W. and F. Pleijel (2001). Polychaetes: Oxford, England, Oxford University Press.
  • San Martín, G. (1991). "Syllinae (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Cuba and the Gulf of Mexico." Bulletin of Marine Science 48(2): 227-235.
  • Shisko, J. F. (1981). "Five new polychaetes of the families Eunicidae and Onuphidae, collected in 1975 and 1976 during the southern California basline project." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 94(4): 968-983.
  • Uebelacker, J. M. (1982). "Review of some little known species of syllids (Annelida: Polychaeta) described from the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean by Hermann Augener in 1924." Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95(3): 583-593.
  • Williams, S. J. 1984. The status of Terebellides stroemi (Polychaeta: Trichobranchidae) as a cosmopolitan species, based on a worldwide morphological survey, including description of a new species, New South Wales, The first international polychaete conference: 118-142.
  • Yamanishi, R. 1984. "Interstitial polychaetes of Japan. III. Six species of Microphthalminae (Hesionidae) including a new species and three new subspecies." Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory 29(4-6): 323-332.

Oligochaete References

  • Cook, D. G. and R. O. Brinkhurst 1973. Marine flora and fauna of the northeastern Unites States. Annelida: Oligochaeta. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 374. Washington, DC.
  • Milligan, M. R. 1995. Identification Manual for the Aquatic Oligochaeta of Florida: Final Report for DEP contract No. WM550. Tallahassee, FL, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection 1-239.

Arthropod References

  • Abele, L. G. and W. Kim (1986). "An illustrated guide to the marine decapod crustaceans of Florida.": Florida Department of Environmental Regualtions Technical Series 8(1 (Part 1)). 1-326.
  • Abele, L. G. and W. Kim (1986). "An illustrated guide to the decapod crustaceans of Florida.": Florida Department of Environmental Regualtions Technical Series 8(1 (Part 2)). 327-760.
  • Barnard, J. L. and G. S. Karaman (1991). The families and genera of marine gammaridean Amphipoda (except marine gammaroids): Records of the Australian Museum Supplement 13(1-2). 1-866.
  • Coull, B. C. (1977). Marine flora and fauna of the northeastern Unites States. Copepoda: Harpacticoida. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 399 Washington, D.C.
  • Farfante, I. P. and B. Kensley (1997). Penaeoid and sergestoid shrimps and prawns of the world: keys and diagnoses for the families and genera. Mémoires de Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle no. 175. Éditions du Muséum Paris. Paris, France.
  • Heard, R. W., T. Hansknecht, et al. (2003). An illustrated identification guide to Florida Tanaidacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) occuring in depths of less than 200 m. Annual Report for DEP contact number WM828. Tallahassee: 1-163.
  • Heard, R. W., W. W. Price, et al. (2006). A taxonomic guide to the mysids of the South Atlantic Bight: NOAA Professional Papers NMFS 4. Seattle, WA,.
  • Holdich, D. M. and J. A. Jones (1983). Tanaids. Keys and notes for the identification of species: Cambridge, Massachusettes. Cambridge University Press.
  • Jones, N. S. (1976). British cumaceans: Arthropoda, Crustacea: keys and notes for the identification of the species. New York, New York, Academic Press.
  • Karaman, G. S. and J. L. Barnard (1979). "Classificatory revisions in gammaridean Amphipoda (Crustacea), Part 1.": Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 92(1). 106-165.
  • Karaman, G. S. (1979). "Contribution to the knowledge of the Amphipoda 93. New records of some gammaridean Amphipoda from the Mediterranean Sea.": Poljoprivreda I Šumarstvo 25(2). 47-67.
  • Kensley, B. and M. Schotte (1989). Guide to the marine isopod crustaceans of the Caribbean: Washington, D.C. . Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • Larsen, K. 1999). "Deep-sea tanaidaceans (Crustacea: Peracarida) from the Albatross cruises 1885-86 with keys to the suborder Neotanaidomorpha." : Journal of Natural History 33(8): 1107-1132.
  • Larsen, K. and G. D. F. Wilson (2002). "Tanaidacean phylogeny, the first step: the superfamily Paratanaioidea." Journal of Systematic Zoology and Evolutionary Research 40: 205-222.
  • LeCroy, S. E. (2000). An Illustrated Identification Guide to the Nearshore Marine and Estuarine Gammaridean Amphipoda of Florida Volume 1: Families Families Gammaridae, Hadziidae, Isaeidae, Melitidae, and Oedicerotidae. Annual Report for DEP Contract No. WM724. Tallahassee, FL, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection: 1-195.
  • LeCroy, S. E. (2002). An Illustrated Identification Guide to the Nearshore Marine and Esturine Gammaridean Amphipoda of Florida Volume 2: Families Ameliscidae, Amphilochidae, Ampithoidae, Aoridae, Argissidae, Haustoriidae. Annual Report for DEP Contract No. WM880. Tallahassee, FL, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection: 196-300.
  • LeCroy, S. E. (2004). An Illustrated Identification Guide to the Nearshore Marine and Estuarine Gammaridean Amphipoda of Florida Volume 3: Families Bateidae, Biancolinidae, Cherluridae, Colomastigidae, Corophiidae, Cyproideidae and Dexaminidae. Annual Report for DEP Contract No. WM724. Tallahassee, FL, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection: 411-501.
  • LeCroy, S. E. (2007). An Illustrated Identification Guide to the Nearshore Marine and Esturine Gammaridean Amphipoda of Florida Volume 4: Families Anamixidae, Eusiridae, Hyalellidae, Hyalidae, Iphimediidae, Ischyroceridae, Lysianassidae, Megalurophidae and Melphidippidae. Annual Report for DEP Contract No. WM880. Tallahassee, FL, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection: 503-614.
  • Martin, J. M. and G. E. Davis (2001). "An updated classification of the recent Crustacea.": Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Science Series 39. 124 pp.
  • Schultz, G. A. (1969). How to Know the Marine Isopod Crustaceans: Dubuque, Iowa. Wm. C. Brown Co. Publishers.
  • Scholtz, G. and S. Richter (1995). "Phylogenetic systematics of the reptantian Decapoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca).": Zoological Journal of the Linnaean Society 113. 289-328.
  • Sieg, J. (1986). "Crustacea Tanaidacea of the Antarctic and Subantarctic. 1. On material collected at Tierra del Fuego, Isla de los Estados, and the west coast of the Antarctic Penninsula.": Antarctic Research Series 45. i-xii + 1-180 pp.
  • Sieg, J. and M. Dojiri (1991). "Two new species and a new genus of the suborger Tanaidomorpha (Crustacea: Tanaidacea) from Californian waters." Journal of Natural History 25 : 1493-1512.
  • Thomas, J. D. (1993). Identification Manual for the Marine Amphipoda: (Gammaridea): I. Common Coral Reef and Rocky Bottom Amphipods of South Florida. FInal Report for DEP Contract No. SP290. Tallahassee, FL, Florida Dept. of Environmental Protection 1-81.

Bryozoan References

  • Alvarez, J. A. (1990). "Membranipora arborescens (Bryozoa: Cheilostomida): A new record in the Bay of Biscay.": Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 70(4): 917-919.
  • Hakansson, E. and J. E. Winston (1985). Interstitial bryozoans: unexpected life forms in a high energy environment: Sixth international conference on Bryozoa, Vienna. 1983: 125-134.
  • Hayward, P. J. (1985). Ctenostome Bryozoans: Keys and notes for the identification of the species: London. The Pitman Press.
  • Ryland, J. S. P. J. H. (1977). British Anascan Bryozoans: Cheilostomata, Anasca: Keys and notes for identification of the species: New York, New York. Academic Press.
  • Winston, J. E. (1988). "Life histories of free-living bryozoans.": National Geographic Research 4(4). 528-539.

Echinoderm References

  • Hendler, G. (1995). "New species of brittle stars from the western Atlantic, Ophionereis vittata, Amphioplus sepultus, and Ophiostigma siva, and the designation of a neotype for Ophiostigma isocanthusm (Say) (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea).": Contributions in Science. 458: 1-19.
  • Janies, D. (2001). "Phylogenetic relationships of extant echinoderm classes.": Canadian Journal of Zoology 79. 1232-1250.
  • Lambert, P. (1997). Sea cucumbers of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound: Vancouver, British Columbia. University of British Columbia Press.
  • Lambert, P. 2000). Sea stars of British Columbia, Southeast Alaska and Puget Sound: Vancouver, British Columbia. University of British Columbia Press.
  • Martínez, A. M. (1991). "Holoturoideos dendrochirotida (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) I: Familia Cucumaridae.": Boletin del Instituto Oceanografico de Venezuela Universidad de Oriente. 30(1-2): 31-40.
  • Miller, J. E. and D. L. Pawson (1984). "Holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea).": Memoirs of the Hourglass Cruises. 7(1): 1-79.
  • Rowe, F. W. E., A. N. Baker, et al. (1988). "The morphology, development and taxonomic status of Xyloplax Baker, Rowe and Clark (1986) (Echinodermata: Concentricycloidea), with the description of a new species.": Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 233. 431-459.

Hydrozoan References

  • Lunz, J. G. B. (1912). "Some hydroids of Beaufort North Carolina.": Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 3. 337-387.

Mollusc References

  • Abbott, R. T. (1968). A guide to field identification: seashells of North America: New York, NY. Golden Press.
  • Abbott, R. T. and P. A. Morris (1995). Shells of the Atlantic and Gulf Coast and the West Indies: Boston, MA. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Andrews, J. (1971). Shells and Shores of Texas: Austin, TX. University of Texas Press.
  • Behrens, D. W. and A. Hermosillo (2005). Eastern Pacific Nudibranchs: a guide to the opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America: Monterey, CA. Sea Challengers.
  • Coan, E. V., P. V. Scott, et al. (2000). Bivalve Seashells of Western North America: Marine Bivalve Mollusks from Arctic Alaska to Baja California: Santa Barbara, CA. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History.
  • Dance, S. P. (1974). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Shells: New York, New York. McGraw-Hill.
  • Emerson, W. K. M. K. J. (1976). The American Museum of Natural History Guide to Shells: Land, freshwater, and Marine, from Nova Scotia to Florida: New York, New York. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Graham, A. (1988). Molluscs: prosobranch and pyramidellid gastropods. Synopses of the British Fauna vol. 2: Leiden, The Netherlands. 622 pp. Backhuys.
  • Harbo, R. M. (1997). Shells and Shellfish of the Pacific Northwest: a field guide: Madeira Park, British Columbia. Harbour Publishing.
  • Heard, W. H. (1979). "Identification manual of the freshwater clams of Florida.": Florida Department of Environmental Regualtions Technical Series 4(2). 1-83.
  • Humfrey, M. A. (1975). Sea shells of the West Indies: a guide to the marine molluscs of the Caribbean. New York, NY, Taplinger Publishing Company.
  • Jones, A. M. and J. M. Baxter (1987). Molluscs: Caudofoveata, Solenogastres, Polyplacophora, and Scaphopoda. Synopses of the British Fauna vol. 1. London, England. 123 pp.
  • Keen, A. M. (1963). Marine molluscan genera of western North America: Stanford, CA. Stanford University Press.
  • Morris, P. A. (1996). Pacific Coast shells: Boston, MA. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Petuch, E. J. (1987). New caribbean molluscan faunas: Charlottesville, VA. The Coastal Education and Research Foundation.
  • Rehder, H. A. (1981). National Audobon Society field guide to North American shells: New York, NY. Alfred A. Knopf.
  • Thompson, T. E. (1988). Mollusca: Benthic opisthobranchs. Synopses of the British Fauna vol. 2. Leiden, The Netherlands. 356 pp.
  • Treece, G. D. (1979). "Living marine mollusks from the south Texas continental shelf.": The Texas Journal of Science 31(3). 271-283.
  • Turner, R. A. (1966). A Survey and Illustrated Catalogue of the Teredinidae (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Cambridge, Massachussettes, The Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.
  • Warmke, G. L. and R. T. Abbott (1961). Caribbean seashells: a guide to the marine mollusks of Puerto Rico and other West Indian islands, Bermuda and the lower Florida Keys. Narberth, PA, Livingston Publishing.

Nemertean References

  • Coe, W. R. (1943). "Biology of the nemerteans of the Atlantic Coast of North America.": Transactions of the Conencticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 35. 129-328.
  • Gibson, R. (1994). Nemerteans: Shrewsbury, England. Field Studies Council.
  • Verrill, A. E. (1888). "The marine nemerteans of New England and adjacent waters.": Transactions of the Conencticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 8. 382-456 + plates.

Porifera References

  • Levi, C. (1957). "Ontogeny and systematics in sponges.": Systematic Zoology 6(4). 174-183.
  • van Soest, R. W. M. (1985). Toward a phylogenetic classification of sponges: Washington, D.C. Smithsonian Institution Press.
  • van Soest, R. W. M. (1986). Provisional Key to the Identification of south Caribbean Sponges (Porifera)

Internet Resources for Taxonomy

www.crustacea.net Web-based key for identifying crustaceans
www.dnr.sc.gov/marine/sertc Good source for information on invertebrates from the southeastern U.S.
www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/online-resources/polikey/index.html#authors Web-based key for polychaete IDs.
www.vims.edu/bio/benthic/documents/polychaete_1.pdf Key for polychaetes of Chesapeake Bay
www.dep.state.fl.us/labs/cgi-bin/sbio/keys.asp Source for some guides and keys, especially for Florida
http://www.gomr.mms.gov/homepg/espis/espisfront.asp Free downloads of Polychaete keys for Gulf of Mexico
In ESPIS search page:
   Report title enter: Taxonomic
   Region enter: Gulf of Mexico

A hardcopy of those reports may be available upon request. Please, send an email to the webmaster (please remove ".nospam").